The only difference is that HTTP is transmitted in plaintext, whereas HTTPS is encrypted using Transport layer security (TLS). (Reminder: Encrypting the HTTP message conceals the meaning of the Transport layer security (TLS), but not its destination!)
HTTP is typically transmitted on port 22, HTTPS on 443. The HTTP client infers this from the first part of the Universal resource locator (URL), so there is no need to explicitly specify these ports (though you can).
Using HTTPS involves a whole separate handshake that occurs entirely on layer 7. On a personal host, this is usually terminated at the browser. Inside the network application itself, it’s usually terminated on some kind of network appliance, such as a “Layer 7” load balancer. (“Layer 4” load balancers can’t terminate TLS because they are not aware of the HTTP payload.)